A Conceptual Model and Practical Framework for Integrating Gamification Strategies into Physical Education and Sports

Introduction: Gamification has became increasingly relevant as an innovative pedagogical approach in physical education and sports contexts, emphasizing the use of game design elements to enhance learner motivation and engagement. Objective: The objective of this article was to systematically analyze existing research on gamification strategies in physical education and sports, and to propose a clear conceptual model and practical framework specifically designed to guide educators and coaches in effectively integrating gamification elements. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, covering empirical and theoretical studies published from 2019 to 2025, using databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The PRISMA methodology was employed to ensure rigorous data extraction and synthesis. Results: The analysis revealed best practices and key gaps in existing gamification research, informing the development of a four-stage conceptual model and practical framework consisting of planning and goal setting, design and development, implementation with active engagement, and finally evaluation with adaptation. This structured approach provided clear guidance for educators to systematically apply gamification strategies. Discussion: The findings aligned with previous studies highlighting gamification’s positive effects on learner motivation and engagement, yet differed by offering a structured approach explicitly designed for physical education and sports contexts. Conclusions: The proposed model provides a significant practical contribution, bridging theoretical knowledge and practical applications in physical education and sports. Future research is necessary to empirically validate and refine the model across diverse educational environments.