Integrated Prospectivity Mapping for Copper Mineralization in the Koldar Massif, Kazakhstan

This study developed a copper mineral prospectivity map for the Koldar Massif, Kazakhstan, using an integrated approach combining geophysical and satellite methods. A strong spatial-genetic link was identified between faults and hydrothermal mineralization, with faults acting as key conduits for ore-bearing fluids. Lineament analysis and density mapping confirmed the high permeability of the Koldar Massif, indicating its structural prospectivity. Hyperspectral and multispectral data (ASTER, PRISMA, WorldView-3) were applied for detailed mapping of hydrothermal alteration (phyllic, propylitic, argillic zones), which are critical for discovering porphyry copper deposits. In particular, WorldView-3 imagery facilitated the identification of new prospective zones. The transformation of magnetic and gravity data successfully delineated geological features and structural boundaries, confirming the fractured nature of the massif, a key structural factor for mineralization. The resulting map of prospective zones, created by normalizing and integrating four evidential layers (lineament density, PRISMA-derived hydrothermal alteration, magnetic, and gravity anomalies), is highly validated, successfully outlining the known Aktogay, Aidarly, and Kyzylkiya deposits. Furthermore, new, previously underestimated prospective areas were identified. This work fills a significant knowledge gap concerning the Koldar Massif, which had not been extensively studied using satellite methods previously. The key advantage of this research lies in its comprehensive approach and the successful application of high-quality multispectral imagery for mapping new prospective zones, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional ground-based investigations.