Application of ICP-MS for Quantifying Trace Metals in Functional Foods

This study presents the development and validation of a sample preparation and analytical method for the determination of toxic and essential metals in nutraceutical products using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sample digestion was optimized using a microwave-assisted procedure with 5 mL of HNO₃ and 2 mL of H₂O₂, under conditions of 180 °C for 30 minutes. The analytical method demonstrated high linearity (R² > 0.999) and excellent recovery rates ranging from 89.10% to 101.2% across all tested metals, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within acceptable AOAC limits. The validated method was applied to analyze 17 commercial nutraceutical products and 10 turmeric powder samples collected in Vietnam. The results showed that concentrations of toxic heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were all below the permissible limits set by Vietnamese regulations. Other trace elements including aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and antimony (Sb) were also detected, although no regulatory limits currently exist for these in nutraceuticals. This method is suitable for routine monitoring and quality control of metal content in dietary supplements.