Climate Change and the Rising Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in East Africa: A Comprehensive Review
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Climate change is intensifying the transmission and geographic spread of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) across East Africa, with distinct impacts in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, and Somalia. This review examines how rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events are altering the epidemiology of malaria, dengue, Rift Valley fever (RVF), and leishmaniasis in the region. We synthesize recent country-specific data on disease trends, climate-vector interactions, and public health responses. Our analysis highlights the urgent need for integrated climate and health strategies tailored to each nation's vulnerability.