LokAlp: A Reconfigurable Massive Wood Construction System Based on Off-Cuts from the CLT and GLT Industry

This paper presents LokAlp, a modular timber construction system invented and developed by the authors, inspired by the traditional Blockbau technique and designed for circularity and self-construction. LokAlp utilizes standardized interlocking blocks fabricated from CLT and GLT off-cuts to optimize material reuse and minimize waste. The research evaluates geometric adaptability, production feasibility, and on-site assembly efficiency within a computational design and digital fabrication workflow. The definition of the Lokalp system has gone through several iterations. A full-scale demonstrator constructed using the LokAlp final iteration (Mk. XII) incorporated topological enhancements, increasing connection variety and modular coherence. Comparative analyses of subtractive manufacturing via 6-axis robotic milling versus traditional CNC machining revealed a >45% reduction in cycle times with robotic methods, indicating significant potential for sustainable industrial fabrication; however, validation under operational conditions is still required. Augmented reality-assisted assembly improved accuracy and reduced cognitive load compared to traditional 2D documentation, enhancing construction speed. Overall, LokAlp demonstrates a viable circular and sustainable construction approach combining digital fabrication and modular design, warranting further research to integrate robotic workflows and structural optimization.