The Design of a Real-Time Nozzle Width Control System for Smarter 3D Concrete Printing

In a world where construction is a vital sector, 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) represents a revolutionary technology merging concrete expertise with 3D printing (3DP) innovation. Over time, 3DCP has gained increasing attention, promising a transformation in the construction industry by enabling greater design freedom, optimizing construction time and material usage, and ensuring safer workplaces. But it faces some technical challenges related to the deposition method such as the Staircase effect and rough surfaces. This research paper principal aiming is the design of an innovative variable size nozzle system, designed to dynamically control the extrusion width in real time. By implementing a rack-and-pinion mechanism, position and flow sensors, and automated control algorithms, this system ensures precise material deposition, smooth extrusion transitions, and optimized layer geometry. The proposed solution contributes to enhancing the adaptability, efficiency, and precision of 3DCP, paving the way for more advanced automated construction techniques.