Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of pure and Vanadium-doped Li4Ti5O12 Nanoflakes for High Performance Supercapacitors

Nanostructured binary metal oxides have demonstrated the potential for increased electrochemical performance due to their structural stability, electronic conductivity, and various oxidation states. Li4Ti5O12 was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal procedure with different reaction periods (12, 18, and 24 h), followed by microstructural and supercapacitive characteristics. The XRD and XPS studies verifies the Li4Ti5O12 pure phase after 24 h (LTO@12) of reaction time with computed average crystallite size of 13 nm. FESEM and HRTEM images reveal nanoflake surface morphology. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of LTO@24 electrode material. The LTO@24 nanoflakes demonstrated impressive pseudocapacitive performance, with a specific capacitance of 357 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and cyclic stability of 84% capacitance retention and 98.5% Coulombic efficiency after 2000 cycles at 5 Ag−1 and V-LTO@24 showed remarkable electrochemical properties with a high specific capacitance of 442 F/g with excellent rate capability and cycle stability that surpass those of pure LTO@24.