The Global COVID-19 Pandemic Experience: Innovation Through Environmental Assessment and Seropositivity Surveillance

Objectives. To confirm a conjecture from year 2020 of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic suggesting policy alternatives to substantially reduce mortality burden. Methods. Data from a global COVID-19 database comparing different countries on cumulative mortality and vaccination were analyzed in conjunction with surveys of seropositivity. Predictions of final mortality burden under an alternate policy scenario for Japan were calculated and the COVID-19 outcomes for China were assessed. Results. By 2025 Western countries (U.S, UK, Brazil and Italy) had cumulative mortality rates in the range 3,339-3,548 deaths per million, about 6-fold higher than East Asian and New Zealand ‘zero-COVID’ countries. Moderate virus suppression in Japan produced the lowest cumulative mortality of the countries analyzed; if earlier policies had been maintained, the predicted Japanese cumulative mortality rate by 2025 would be one-tenth that of the U.S, UK, Brazil and Italy and one-half to one-third that of other zero-COVID countries. For China transitioning from a zero-COVID policy in 2022-23, estimated 2025 cumulative mortality was 1607/M, about half of that of Western countries. Conclusion. To minimize COVID-19 mortality would require: 1) Innovation on systematic sampling of ambient airborne virus exposure to sustain low but non-zero virus levels across entire populations, and 2) seropositivity assessment (instead of mass PCR testing for new cases) for calibrating exposure management, and tracking and protecting high-risk populations.