Misunderstood Lessons of Two Lorentzes: Light, Reverse Slit Experiment, Mystery of Shadows, Essence of Time, and New Principles

This paper presents two fundamental principles that redefine the nature of reality: electromagnetic phenomena are two-dimensional and follow the Cauchy distribution; and there exists a non-integer variable dimensionality of spaces. Based on these principles, the study proposes a theoretical foundation for understanding massless electromagnetic fields and their interaction with matter. Four specific, cost-effective zones of verification and falsification are presented, all accessible with standard laboratory equipment: (1) a reverse slit experiment examining the shadow from a thin object; (2) optimization of single-mode optical fiber transmission; (3) enhancement of astronomical images through Cauchy kernel processing; and (4) modification of satellite communication systems and antenna designs. The central experimental question investigates whether light propagation follows the Cauchy distribution (compatible with exact two-dimensionality D=2.0 of massless electromagnetic fields) rather than the traditionally expected sinc² function. The proposed concept of variable dimensionality explains the nature of mass as a dimensional effect arising only when deviating from the critical point D=2.0, offers a new interpretation of the relationship $E=mc^2$, and reveals the deep meaning of time through information asymmetry and synchronization mechanisms. This framework resolves fundamental contradictions in modern physics and has revolutionary implications for quantum mechanics, relativity theory, and cosmology, potentially eliminating the need for concepts such as dark energy and inflationary cosmology. Further mathematical development demonstrates how the timeless Schrödinger equation emerges naturally as an optimization problem in Fourier space for systems with dimensionality D=2-$\epsilon$, providing a novel interpretation of quantum phenomena as projections between spaces of different dimensionality. A significant advancement in the paper is establishing a deep connection between the proposed principles and Roy Frieden's Extreme Physical Information (EPI) principle, showing how both approaches mutually reinforce each other. The paper demonstrates that at D=2, the Cauchy distribution emerges naturally as the informationally optimal distribution within EPI framework, while deviations from D=2 create precisely the dimensional-dependent Planck's constant previously discovered by Yang et al. This unification of information principles and dimensionality provides a comprehensive information-geometric framework for understanding physical reality. The work draws historical connections to the original ideas of Hendrik and Ludwig Lorentz, showing how these concepts, misinterpreted by subsequent generations, contained keys to understanding the fundamental structure of reality.