Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Insect Pest Population; Focus on Sugar Beet – Aphids (<em>Myzus Persicae</em>) Ecology

Global agriculture is seriously threatened by insect pests, which result in severe financial losses and food insecurity. Pests like the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are highly adaptable due to intricate interactions between biotic and abiotic stimuli that influence their metabolic reactions, reproductive tactics, and population dynamics. Thus, I explored the role of abiotic and biotic factors influencing insect pest populations, focusing on M. persicae as a model species. The research underscores how microbial interactions, natural enemies, and host plant quality directly affect pest survival, fecundity, and chemo-diversity, enabling their environmental adaptation. Abiotic variables, including humidity, temperature fluctuations, and climate extremes, also significantly affect insects' metabolism, life cycles, and population structure. By leveraging these ecological insights, the study highlights the possibility of creating sustainable pest management plans that utilise insect chemo-diversity and ecological interactions. Considering changing environmental challenges, future research topics are suggested to improve climate-smart agricultural practices and integrated pest management (IPM).