Assessment of Habitat Quality and Threat Factors in Gochang-gun Using a Biotope Map and the InVEST Model

Land-use change driven by urbanization has led to considerable habitat degradation and biodiversity loss, underscoring the need for spatially explicit assessment tools. This study evaluates habitat quality and threat intensity in Gochang-gun, South Korea, by integrating a biotope map with the Habitat Quality module of the InVEST model. Land cover was classified using detailed biotope types, and sensitivity values were assigned to each based on their vulnerability to specific threats such as urban areas, roads, and agricultural activity. Spatial modeling revealed high habitat quality in forested and protected zones like Seonunsan Provincial Park and the Dongrim Reservoir, whereas urban and agricultural regions exhibited substantial degradation. Correlation analysis confirmed a significant inverse relationship between habitat quality and degradation, and scenario-based simulations identified urban development and roads as the most detrimental factors. The removal of these threats led to the largest improvements in overall habitat condition. These findings provide actionable insights for biodiversity conservation planning and highlight the utility of biotope maps as a data source for ecosystem service models. The study supports the application of spatial tools for prioritizing conservation zones and formulating nature-based strategies for sustainable land management.