Investigation of Natural and Human-Induced Landslides in Red Basaltic Soils

Landslides are mass movements of rock, soil, or debris under the influence of gravity. These phenomena occur due to the loss of slope stability or imbalance of external loads. The intensity and consequences of landslides depend on various factors such as topography, geological structure, and precipitation regime. This study investigates the characteristics of rainfall-induced landslides in red basaltic soils, on the basis of field investigations, geotechnical surveys, and slope stability modeling under anthropogenic triggers. The results indicate a close relationship between soil moisture and shear strength parameters, which significantly influence slope stability. A real-time observation system recorded groundwater level fluctuations in relation to surface runoff and precipitation rates. It is revealed that intense rainfall and low temperatures regulate soil moisture, resulting in a reduction of cohesion and shear strength. Additionally, weathering of basaltic soils decreases their shear strength due to the leaching of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) from the soil structure. These findings enhance the understanding of landslide mechanisms in basaltic regions, which are highly sensitive to precipitation. The results also highlight that human activities play a significant role in triggering landslides. Therefore, a real-time monitoring system for rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater is essential for early warning and supports the integration of smart technologies and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in natural disaster management.