Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties in Different Management Systems of Andisol Soils in Central and South-Western Colombia

Andisols are highly productive soils generated from the progressive weathering of volcanic products. This study evaluates Andisols from two volcanic zones of central and southwestern Colombia to compare the soil characteristics and to determine the influence of volcanic products on soil components in the region. For this, 54 sites were sampled within the volcanic fields: the Tapias-Guacaica (TGMVF) and the Guamuez-Sibundoy (GSMVF) monogenetic volcanic fields. The sampling included a range of systems, such as secondary forests, pines and blackberry crops, cut grass and paddock. Subsequently, analysis of variance was performed for statistically evaluated cells, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results indicate that the TGMVF soils exhibit a neutral pH, good cation exchange capacity, structural stability, macroporosity, adequate water and nutrient drainage, but difficulty in retention. In contrast, the GSMVF soils exhibit elevated levels of organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, microporosity, mesoporosity, efficient water and nutrient mobility, and fixation. Based on these parameters, the variance analysis showed two and three distinctive groups for the TGMVF and GSMVF, respectively. It is proposed that the behavior of the physicochemical variables, mainly Pr, ρa, ρr, CEC and SS, can be affected by external forces such as animal trampling, and internal forces such as soil wetting and drying cycles, especially in the paddock system of both volcanic fields. Overall, the physicochemical variation of soils has been influenced by factors such as geological time, soil management, vegetation, climate, topography and parent material. These results establish the basis for promoting appropriate agricultural practices in the fields.