Advancing Environmental Sustainability Through Remote Sensing: A Review of Applications, Limitations, and Emerging Solutions

Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as indispensable tools for sustainable environmental management, enabling efficient monitoring, analysis, and decision-making across various ecological domains. This work employs a systematic literature review approach using the PRISMA framework, synthesizing existing studies on the applications of remote sensing in key areas such as forest management, desertification control, water resource monitoring, and biodiversity conservation. It examines the effectiveness of different remote sensing techniques, including multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, LiDAR, and thermal infrared sensing, in tracking environmental changes over large spatial scales. The review highlights critical challenges such as data accessibility, sensor limitations, and the need for advanced analytical skills while exploring emerging solutions like machine learning integration and data fusion techniques. By providing a comprehensive analysis of remote sensing applications, this study offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and environmental managers, advocating for the integration of geospatial technologies in sustainable resource governance. The research recommends interdisciplinary collaborations to leverage technological advancements to improve environmental monitoring and conservation efforts.