Personalized Medical Approach in Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), multi-omics profiling, and sophisticated imag-ing technologies have significantly advanced personalized medicine in gastrointestinal surgical oncology. These technological innovations enable precise patient stratification, tailored surgical strategies, and individualized therapeutic approaches, thereby signif-icantly enhancing clinical outcomes. Despite remarkable progress, challenges persist, including standardization and integration of diverse data types, ethical concerns re-garding patient privacy, and rigorous clinical validation of predictive models. Ad-dressing these challenges requires establishing international standards for data in-teroperability, such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, and adopting ad-vanced security methods, such as homomorphic encryption, to facilitate secure mul-ti-institutional data sharing. Moreover, ensuring model transparency and explainabil-ity through techniques such as explainable AI is critical for fostering trust among clini-cians and patients. The successful integration of these advanced technologies necessi-tates strong multidisciplinary collaboration among surgeons, radiologists, geneticists, pathologists, and oncologists. Ultimately, the continued development and effective implementation of these personalized medical strategies complemented by human expertise promise a transformative shift toward patient-centered care, improving long-term outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.