Prostate Cancer Therapy Evolution: A Systematic Review of Recent Breakthroughs and Emerging Strategies

Introduction: Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer are undergoing significant transformations, driven by advances in precision medicine, immunotherapy, and diagnostic technologies. This comprehensive systematic review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of breakthrough therapies and diagnostic approaches in prostate cancer, emphasizing their efficacy, safety, and predictive biomarkers. The review seeks to inform clinicians, researchers, and patients about the evolving prostate cancer landscape. Methods: This review includes a thorough analysis of revolutionary therapies, including immunotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy, and small molecule inhibitors. Additionally, cutting-edge diagnostic innovations, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and liquid biopsy, are examined. A systematic search of major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies. Results: The review highlights the efficacy, safety, and predictive biomarkers of breakthrough therapies and diagnostic approaches. The findings demonstrate improved patient outcomes, enhanced treatment efficacy and safety, and increased opportunities for personalized medicine. Conclusions: The implications of this review are significant, with potential improvements in patient outcomes, treatment efficacy and safety, and collaboration and innovation in cancer research. Future research directions, including combination regimens, novel biomarkers, and artificial intelligence applications, are outlined. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for clinicians, researchers, and patients seeking to navigate the evolving prostate cancer landscape.