Advancements in Liposomal and Nanoparticle-Based Targeted Drug Delivery

Targeted drug delivery systems have become revolutionary in therapy with increased effectiveness and reduced side effects compared to traditional practice. Liposomal and nanoparticle carriers are among the very effective nanoplatforms with controlled delivery, site-directed drug concentration, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Transformation of drug delivery from traditional systems to nanocarrier systems is presented herein with emphasis on mechanisms, advantages, and medical applications. Liposomal nanocarriers are bioavailable and stable, while nanoparticles are tumor-specific drug delivery systems based on smart and responsive platforms. Eco-friendly and biodegradable materials in drug design also lead to drug safety and biocompatibility improvements.One of the key characteristics of modern nanomedicine is its ability to leverage the tumor microenvironment, and in particular the EPR effect, to deliver drug concentration in cancer tissue. Biological barriers, however, are problematic, and as such new strategies such as surface engineering and enzyme-sensitive nanoparticles must be used to increase penetration and therapeutic effect. Although these present some issues, long-term nanotechnology research can assist in improving drug delivery methods and treatment to become individualized and effective. The present review is a summary of existing innovation in liposomal and nanoparticle-based drug delivery, their role in precision medicine and the treatment of cancer, and how they have potential to revolutionize.