Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems: Targeting Strategies, Nanotechnology, and Vesicular Innovations

Innovative drug delivery systems are revolutionizing contemporary pharmacotherapy with better bioavailability, controlled delivery, and better patient compliance. This review covers some advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery against the background of liposomal and vesicular systems for precision therapeutics. This review further checks the oral formulation, including chewable, effervescent, and film-based delivery, against the advantageous ease of administration and the rapid onset of the drug's action. In addition, strategies of naso-pulmonary and antibiotic drug delivery are further described in terms of respiratory health and infection management in relation to nanocarrier-based formulations. Moreover, herbal therapeutics are incorporated as demonstrated with Tribulus terrestris in urolithiasis treatment, which in turn, actually merges traditional medicine delivery with modern drug delivery platforms. Based on clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages, comparative analysis of nanocarriers including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, and dendrimers has been presented. In the future, it will be all about the biodegradable AI-driven stimuli responsive nanocarrier supporting the precision of medicine and personalized care. This review provides insight into recent developments, challenges, and future directions in advanced drug delivery systems for developing more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic solutions.