Blood Groups (Abo/Rh) Influence the Response of Biochemical Markers in Plasmodium falciparum Infection

According to the Angolan Ministry of Health, in 2023, 10.3 million cases of malaria were reported, an increase of 23% compared to 2022, however, with several deaths 10,089, against 12,480 in 2022, representing a percentage reduction of 19%. Background/Objectives: To investigate whether blood groups (ABO/Rh) can influence the response of biochemical markers in Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients admitted to some hospital units in Luanda/Angola. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study was carried out on 518 patients hospitalized for malaria in two hospital units in Luanda. Results: Of the 518 malaria patients included in the study, the ORh+ group represented (44.6%), followed by ARh+ (22.2%), BRh+ (22.0%), ABRh+ (6.9%), ORh- (2.7%), ARh- (1.0%) and BRh- (0.6%). Regarding sociodemographic data, there was no statistically significant relationship between age groups, area of residence, serum concentration of creatinine, urea, glucose, ALT, gamma GT, degree of parasitemia, antimalarial treatment, clinical condition, and clinical outcomes with blood groups (P < 0.05). However, there was a statistical relationship between gender, employment status, the blood concentration of direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and AST with blood groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It was evident that the biochemical markers in the response to malaria infection can be influenced by the blood type of the individuals, especially direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and AST, which showed a statistical relationship with the blood type of the patients studied.