An Overview and Evaluation of Pedagogical Methods for 21st Century STEM Education

The period of time spent in secondary education is of great consequence, as the interests and skills acquired during this period can have a significant impact on the development of the individual as an active citizen and as a professional. In this study, methods centred on the learner and designed 3 to facilitate the acquisition of 21st-century skills were identified. Subsequently, a critical analysis of 4 these methods was conducted. This critical analysis was based on the findings of a survey of teachers’ views on the difficulties they face in implementing STEM education. In particular, the criteria under consideration are the time required for lesson preparation, the time needed for classroom activities, and the availability of digital resources. The results of the survey indicate that each teacher is at liberty to select the methodology that aligns with their pedagogical approach and the characteristics of their classroom.