Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A Survey and Future Challenges

Satellite communications have become indispensable in the New Space Era, driven by technological advancements and the proliferation of small satellite constellations. This survey report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of satellite communications in this era, examining technological advancements, emerging trends, and future challenges. It explores the historical background of satellite communications, highlighting the miniaturization of satellites, the deployment of high-throughput satellites, and the integration of satellite networks with terrestrial infrastructure. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced by the industry, including spectrum congestion, space debris management, cybersecurity threats, and regulatory considerations. The survey provides insights into the advantages of Low Earth Orbit satellite constellations. It also discusses satellite communication initiatives in remote areas, highlighting their wide coverage, connectivity solutions, disaster resilience, and diverse applications. The report concludes by acknowledging the limitations of satellite communication while emphasizing ongoing technological advancements that address challenges and improve the efficiency and reliability of communication services in remote areas.