The Anglophone Crisis: A Modern Manifestation of Systemic Challenges in Cameroon

The Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, which escalated into widespread conflict in 2016, is emblematic of the country's enduring structural maladies, underpinned by historical, political, socio-economic, and cultural dynamics. At its core, the crisis is a product of historical injustices ; specifically the colonial legacy of divide-and-rule tactics and the subsequent marginalization of the Anglophone population in post-independence governance structures. The failure of successive governments to address the unique needs and grievances of the Anglophone regions has precipitated a deepening sense of alienation. Politically, the centralization of power and the imposition of a unilingual Francophone identity have exacerbated Anglophone demands for autonomy. Socio-economically, systemic inequities in resource distribution and development have fueled resentment, creating a sharp divide between the Anglophone and Francophone regions. Culturally, the marginalization of Anglophone identity and values has compounded the alienation felt by these communities. This essay critically engages with the literature on the conflict, drawing on a multi-disciplinary framework that integrates historical analysis, political theory, and socio-economic critique. It evaluates proposed solutions, examining their practical viability within Cameroon’s complex political context. Ultimately, the essay seeks to offer nuanced, actionable recommendations for conflict resolution, emphasizing the need for structural reforms, equitable governance, and genuine dialogue between all stakeholders.