Evaluating the Impact of Sensorimotor Training on the Physical Capacities of the Elderly

Background: Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life (QoL) in the elderly, particularly by enhancing balance and movement coordination. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of sensorimotor training intervention in older adults. Methods: 90 participants, divided into a Control Group (N=44) and Experimental Group (N=46) were involved in a 24-week period sensorimotor training program. Participants were evaluated both before and after the intervention period. Strength and flexibility were measured using the Rikli and Jones protocol (1999), while agility and speed were assessed through timed-up-and-go tests. A descriptive analysis of the sample was performed to characterize the data using the mean and standard deviation considering the gender of the participants. Student’s T test was performed to compare the differences between groups according to the first and second data collection moments (before and after the intervention). Jamovi software was used to develop the statistical analysis, with a value of p<0.05 to determine the statistical significance. Results: The Experimental Group showed significant improvements across all analyzed variables following the intervention (p < 0.005), indicating substantial gains in physical capacities. In contrast, the Control Group exhibited no significant changes in any variable, with the lowest p-value observed in the “Sitting and Reaching” test (p = 0.155), highlighting the lack of improvement without intervention. The results showed significant differences in all the analyzed variables before and after intervention. Individually, in the “reach behind your back (left)” test largest effect size was observed. Conclusions: In conclusion, the sensorimotor training program demonstrated significant improvements in various physical capacities, though flexibility did not show notable progress. Developing PA programs tailored to the elderly is essential for enhancing their QoL and reducing the risk of falls, injuries, and illnesses. These interventions play a crucial role in promoting overall health, independence, and well-being among older adults.