Evaluation of the Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Function, Physical Performance and Reaction Force in Individuals with Down Syndrome and Autism

This study examined the effects of a structured 12-week exercise program on physical performance, respiratory function, and reaction time in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A total of 57 participants (ages 10–24) were divided into DS (n = 18), ASD (n = 20), and control (n = 19) groups. Exercises included stretching, jumping, ball-catching, balance tasks, and breathing activities. Pre- and post-intervention assessments showed significant improvements across all groups. However, DS and ASD participants showed greater gains in tandem walking, balance (especially on the right side), and both light and sound reaction times compared to controls. Notably, the DS group outperformed the ASD group in one-leg standing balance tests. No significant differences were found in grip strength or respiratory capacity among the groups. Only the left triceps skinfold thickness was higher in DS and ASD groups than in controls. Overall, the results suggest that structured exercise positively influences balance and motor function, with particularly strong benefits for individuals with DS.