A New Farme Work of Thermodynamics the Second Law of Thermodynamics Is a Law of Energy Circulation

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Abstract

This new frame work of thermodynamics contains three parts. (1)The traditional thermodynamics: relating to all the ordinary thermodynamical processes we meet in our life,work, and ordinary research, covering an immense scope. They are all irreversible. Entropy tends to increase, never decreases. (2)Thermodynamics of thermal electrons in a magnetic field: There are some experiments of thermal electrons emitted from two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs emitters (work function 0.8eV) in a vacuum tube. The tube is applied by a static magnetic field that bends the trajectories of the electrons, resulting in a weak asymmetry of their motions, and the tube can output an electric current and power. The magnetic field here is an artificial demons, resulting in a tiny cycle of energy. (3)Cosmos thermodynamics: The universe is closed. There is an extraordinary immense heat ocean at a temperature of about 3K in the central part of the closed universe. A big band and a big assembling constitute a big cycle, all the matter and energy in the closed universe are involved in the big cycles. Entropy can either increase or decrease, and match each other. Black holes are natural demons in the universe.This new frame work of thermodynamics contains three parts. (1)The traditional thermodynamics: relating to all the ordinary thermodynamical processes we meet in our life,work, and ordinary research, covering an immense scope. They are all irreversible. Entropy tends to increase, never decreases. (2)Thermodynamics of thermal electrons in a magnetic field: There are some experiments of thermal electrons emitted from two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs emitters (work function 0.8eV) in a vacuum tube. The tube is applied by a static magnetic field that bends the trajectories of the electrons, resulting in a weak asymmetry of their motions, and the tube can output an electric current and power. The magnetic field here is an artificial demons, resulting in a tiny cycle of energy. (3)Cosmos thermodynamics: The universe is closed. There is an extraordinary immense heat ocean at a temperature of about 3K in the central part of the closed universe. A big band and a big assembling constitute a big cycle, all the matter and energy in the closed universe are involved in the big cycles. Entropy can either increase or decrease, and match each other. Black holes are natural demons in the universe.There is a supplement file of a video of an experiment of the thermal electrons in a magnetic field, an artificial entropy-reducing process.

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