A New Approach to Understanding the Universe and Its Expansion

We present a geometric reinterpretation of cosmic expansion in which expansion is treated as an effective spatial dimension whose projection governs observed distances, time evolution, and physical interactions. By modelling the actual path followed by light through this expanded geometry, we introduce a spiral distance that reproduces observed luminosity and angular-distance relations without requiring accelerated expansion or an additional dark-energy component.Within this framework, gravity emerges as a local suppression of expansion, producing time dilation and curvature consistent with general relativity in the weak-field limit. Expansion is shown to be closely tied to the flow of time itself, with proper time corresponding to progression along the expansion direction and deviations from this trajectory giving rise to gravitational and kinematic time dilation. When applied consistently to both Type Ia supernova luminosity data and the angular scale of the cosmic microwave background, the framework naturally reduces the apparent discrepancy between late- and early-universe determinations of the Hubble constant.Extending the model to the quantum domain, we propose that wave–particle duality, spin, and probabilistic behaviour arise from partial delocalization within a finite temporal window. Electric charge is interpreted as a time-phase asymmetry associated with motion in the expansion dimension, with the electromagnetic coupling strength naturally linked to a dimensionless geometric ratio consistent with the fine-structure constant. Quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as a shared time-phase structure, preserving all experimentally verified predictions of quantum mechanics while providing an intuitive geometric explanation for nonlocal correlations without violating relativistic causality.The framework suggests several testable signatures, including limits on entanglement across extreme temporal separations, time-domain interference effects, and cross-scale correlations between quantum phenomena and gravitational time dilation. While fully compatible with existing observations, this approach offers a unified geometric interpretation connecting cosmology, gravity, time, and quantum behaviour, and motivates further theoretical development and experimental investigation.