SARS‐CoV‐2 Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants display enhanced Spike‐mediated syncytia formation

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.11.448011: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsConsent: Informed consent was provided by the individuals for use of their biological materials.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line AuthenticationContamination: All cells lines were either purchased from ATCC or were kind donations from members of the Institut Pasteur and were routinely screened for mycoplasma.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Antibody binding to S proteins was assessed via s analogous protocol where transfected 293T cells were first stained with either human mAb10 (pan-coronavirus anti-S2), mAb102 and mAB129 (pan-SARS-CoV-2), mAb48 and mAb98 (SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD), and mAb71 (SARS-CoV-2 anti-NTD) at 1 µg/mL.
    anti-S2
    suggested: None
    anti-RBD
    suggested: None
    anti-NTD
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cells: Vero E6, HEK293T, U20S, Caco2/TC7, Calu3 were cultured in DMEM with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (PS).
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    Vero and 293T GFP-split cells transduced cells with pQCXIP were cultured with 4ug/ml and 1 ug/ml of puromycin (InvivoGen), respectively.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Antibody binding to S proteins was assessed via s analogous protocol where transfected 293T cells were first stained with either human mAb10 (pan-coronavirus anti-S2), mAb102 and mAB129 (pan-SARS-CoV-2), mAb48 and mAb98 (SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD), and mAb71 (SARS-CoV-2 anti-NTD) at 1 µg/mL.
    293T
    suggested: None
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    Plasmids: A codon optimized version of the reference Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 Spike (GenBank: QHD43416.1) was ordered as a synthetic gene (GeneArt, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and was cloned into a phCMV backbone (GeneBank: AJ318514), by replacing the VSV-G gene.
    phCMV
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_15802)
    pQCXIP-Empty control plasmid, pQCXIP-IFITM1-N-FLAG, pQCXIP-IFITM2-N-FLAG, pQCXIP-IFITM3-N-FLAG were previously described (Buchrieser et al, 2019). pQCXIP-BSR-GFP11 and pQCXIP-GFP1-10 were from Yutaka Hata ((Kodaka et al, 2015); Addgene plasmid #68716; http://n2t.net/addgene:68716; RRID: Addgene_68716 and Addgene plasmid #68715; http://n2t.net/addgene:68715; RRID: Addgene_68715).
    pQCXIP-Empty
    suggested: None
    pQCXIP-IFITM1-N-FLAG
    suggested: None
    pQCXIP-IFITM2-N-FLAG
    suggested: None
    pQCXIP-IFITM3-N-FLAG
    suggested: None
    detected: RRID:Addgene_68716)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_68715)
    pcDNA3.1-hACE2 was from Hyeryun Choe ((Li et al, 2003); Addgene plasmid # 1786; http://n2t.net/addgene:1786; RRID: Addgene_1786).
    pcDNA3.1-hACE2
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_145033)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_1786)
    pCSDest-TMPRSS2 was from Roger Reeves ((Edie et al, 2018); Addgene plasmid # 53887; http://n2t.net/addgene:53887; RRID: Addgene_53887).
    pCSDest-TMPRSS2
    suggested: None
    detected: RRID:Addgene_53887)
    Vero and 293T GFP-split cells transduced cells with pQCXIP were cultured with 4ug/ml and 1 ug/ml of puromycin (InvivoGen), respectively.
    pQCXIP
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_15714)
    10 ng of phCMV-SARS-CoV2-S and/or 25 ng of pCDNA3.1-hACE2, 25 ng of pCSDest-TMPRSS2, and 40 ng of pQCXIP-IFITM were used and adjusted to 100 ng DNA with pQCXIP-Empty.
    pQCXIP-IFITM
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Fusion defined as percent of GFP pixels was calculated with ImageJ.
    ImageJ
    suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)
    Statistical analysis: Flow cytometry data was analyzed with FlowJo v10 software (Tristar).
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Calculations were all performed with Microsoft Excel 365.
    Microsoft Excel
    suggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)
    GraphPad Prism 9 was used to generate figure and for statistical analysis.
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 56, 51 and 54. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.