The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination psychological antecedent assessment using the Arabic 5c validated tool: An online survey in 13 Arab countries
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Abstract
Following the emergency approval of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, research into its vaccination hesitancy saw a substantial increase. However, the psychological behaviors associated with this hesitancy are still not completely understood. This study assessed the psychological antecedents associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the Arab population.
Methodology
The validated Arabic version of the 5C questionnaire was distributed online across various social media platforms in Arabic-speaking countries. The questionnaire had three sections, namely, socio-demographics, COVID-19 related infection and vaccination, and the 5C scale of vaccine psychological antecedents of confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility.
Results
In total, 4,474 participants with a mean age of 32.48 ± 10.76 from 13 Arab countries made up the final sample, 40.8% of whom were male. Around 26.7% of the participants were found to be confident about the COVID-19 vaccination, 10.7% indicated complacency, 96.5% indicated they had no constraints, 48.8% had a preference for calculation and 40.4% indicated they had collective responsibility. The 5C antecedents varied across the studied countries with the confidence and collective responsibility being the highest in the United Arab Emirates (59.0% and 58.0%, respectively), complacency and constraints in Morocco (21.0% and 7.0%, respectively) and calculation in Sudan (60.0%). The regression analyses revealed that sex, age, educational degrees, being a health care professional, history of COVID-19 infection and having a relative infected or died from COVID-19 significantly predicted the 5C psychological antecedents by different degrees.
Conclusion
There are wide psychological antecedent variations between Arab countries, and different determinants can have a profound effect on the COVID-19 vaccine’s psychological antecedents.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.31.21262917: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt (IRB No: 00012098).
Consent: (26) Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary, and consent was obtained before administering the survey.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources The cutoff point of confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility were 5.7, 4.7, 6.0, 6.3, and 6.2, respectively. (25) Statistical analysis: The collected data was wrangled, coded, and analyzed using … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.31.21262917: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt (IRB No: 00012098).
Consent: (26) Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary, and consent was obtained before administering the survey.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources The cutoff point of confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility were 5.7, 4.7, 6.0, 6.3, and 6.2, respectively. (25) Statistical analysis: The collected data was wrangled, coded, and analyzed using Python 3.9.2 software. Pythonsuggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:(52-55) Strength and Limitations: One of the major strengths of the present study is the large sample size, in addition, the survey population is diverse with representation from different countries, age groups, ethnic and cultural backgrounds. However, the use of convenience sampling, online distribution of the study tool, and sample size determination which did not follow the standard procedure would limit the generalization of the study results to the region of interest. furthermore, there is a risk of selection bias favoring only individuals with access to the internet. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data; hence our findings may be affected by social desirability bias. Despite the stated limitations, the study findings are not inconsistent with previous studies that reported the behavioral factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. More importantly, the study was able to shed light on the overlooked psychological antecedents of COVID-19 vaccination behavior in Arab countries for better policies and actions.
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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