A Cross-Sectional Study on the Current Status and Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women from Suzhou, China

This study investigated the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, genotype distribution, and associated risk factors among women in Suzhou to provide a theoretical basis for controlling cervical cancer and guiding vaccine development. From November 2022 to April 2023, 566 qualified participants undergoing health examinations at Suzhou Municipal Hospital were enrolled. Cervical exfoliated cells were tested for 21 HPV genotypes using fluorescence quantitative PCR, and data on general information, lifestyle, and clinical history were collected via questionnaire. The overall HPV infection rate was 11.31% (64/566). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58, each with an infection rate of 1.77%. Single infections predominated (8.83%, 50/566), with HPV16 (18%), HPV58 (14%), HPV51 (12%), and HPV81 (12%) being the most common. Multiple infections accounted for 2.47%, primarily dual infections (78.57%). Infection rates varied significantly by age, with the highest prevalence in women aged ≥50 years (24.37%), followed by those aged 40-49 (8.42%) and ≤39 (7.35%). Significant risk factors for HPV infection included older age (OR=1.075, P<0.01), secondhand smoke exposure (OR=2.126, P<0.05), a history of underlying diseases, and a history of cervical surgery. In conclusion, the HPV infection rate in Suzhou remains considerable, with genotypes 16, 52, and 58 being predominant and single infections most common. Older age, secondhand smoke exposure, underlying diseases, and cervical surgery history are key risk factors, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and comprehensive control strategies.