The influence of power-training and aging on endomysium content and fiber cross-sectional area in the human soleus muscle

The Master Athletic Laboratory Study of Intramuscular Connective Tissue (MALICoT, DRKS00015764) set out to analyze the endomysium content of the human soleus muscle in response to athletic exercise and aging. Forty-three healthy male study participants were grouped into young (20–35 years) non-physically active controls (n=12), young power-trained athletes (n=10), older (60–75 years) non-physically active controls (n=11), and older power-trained athletes (n=10). A single biopsy was taken from the left soleus muscle of each participant, and cryo-sections were used for i) routine histological staining and myopathological evaluation, ii) deep learning-based image analysis of the H&E-stained sections, iii) laminin- γ -1/collagen IV double- and collagen I and III single-immunofluorescence staining, and iv) quantitative proteomic analysis. Examiner-based myopathological evaluation revealed normal skeletal muscle in 26 participants, while 11, 4, 1 and 1 biopsies showed unspecific myopathological changes, chronic neurogenic atrophy, type II fiber atrophy, and unspecific myositic changes, respectively. Analysis of the H&E-stained sections as well as the laminin- γ -1/collagen I-, collagen III- and collagen IV-immunostained sections revealed an approximately 1.3-fold increase in the ‘mean fiber area’ in response to power-training in young participants and aging in unathletic participants. No significant change was detected in endomysium thickness or area. Furthermore, proteomic analysis did not reveal any group-specific change except for plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 being less abundant in the soleus muscles of aged power-trained athletes. Overall, the data show that neither athletic exercise nor age significantly affected the content or composition of the endomysium in human soleus muscle tissue.