L1 GABAergic neurones in the frontal cortex and L6 glutamatergic neurones in the prefrontal cortex use RHO GTPase to differentiate between unconsciousness states

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Abstract

Unconsciousness is caused by sleep and general anaesthesia; however, to what extent they are similar is not well-studied. In this study, we aimed to determine the similarities and differences between the unconsciousness states caused by sleep and that caused by anaesthesia, and to investigate gene expression profiles by applying tensor decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction to the two gene expression profiles. One of the two expression profiles was composed of mice treated with sevoflurane, a type of inhaled anaesthesia, whereas the other two expression profiles were composed of sleeping and awake mice. We selected two sets of genes (507 and 1048 genes), which are distinctly expressed between sleep or anaesthesia-induced unconsciousness and the awake or control groups. Both sets of genes include various distinct genes which are common to the state of unconsciousness between sleep and anaesthesia. The former is enriched in GABAergic synapses and layer one of the frontal cortex, whereas the latter is enriched in glutamatergic synapses and layer six of the prefroncal cortes. Additionally, both sets of genes were enriched in the RHO GTPase pathway. Based on these results, we hypothesized that L1 GABAergic neurones in the frontal cortex and L6 glutamatergic neurones in the prefrontal cortex use RHO GTPase to differentiate states of unconsciousness induced with general anaesthesia and sleep.

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