Effects of a 12-Week Mat Pilates Program on Dietary Acid Load, Mental Well-Being, and Physical Fitness in Female Athletes

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Pilates program on dietary acid load (PRAL), body composition, physical performance, and mental well-being in female athletes, focusing on the relationship between dietary acid load and physiological and psychological outcomes. Seventeen female athletes participated in Pilates sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food diaries at baseline and post-intervention to calculate PRAL values. Hydration was monitored through urine pH and specific gravity. Anthropometric measures included BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, fat mass, lean mass, and grip strength. Mental well-being was assessed with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and physical activity perception was evaluated using the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. After the program, significant improvements were observed in grip strength, mental well-being, and physical activity perception. Small increases in BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were noted. A significant correlation was found between PRAL values and both physical and psychological variables. Pilates positively affects mental well-being, physical activity engagement, and interacts with diet-related acid-base balance and body composition. Pilates may improve both physical and mental health in active female populations.