Genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for resistance to anthracnose in blueberry

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , poses a significant threat to blueberries, necessitating a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance to develop efficient breeding strategies. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on two distinct populations, comprising 355 advanced selections from the University of Florida Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Program. Visual scores and image analyses were used for assessing disease severity. The population was genotyped using Capture-Seq, detecting 38,379 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The study revealed a moderate narrow-sense heritability estimate (∼0.5) for anthracnose resistance in blueberries. Minor additive loci contributing to anthracnose resistance were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, spanning different populations. Image analyses demonstrated heightened sensitivity, detecting more associations within both populations compared to the visual approach. Candidate gene mining flanking significant associations unveiled key defense-related proteins, such as serine/threonine protein kinases, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases that have been well-known for their roles in plant defense signaling pathways. The dissection of speculated defense-related proteins into distinct layers offers further understanding into the intricate defense responses against C. gloeosporioides . Our findings highlight the complex and quantitative resistance mechanism for anthracnose in blueberry, providing insights for breeding strategies and sustainable disease management.