PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG DIABETICS IN THE WEST REGION of CAMEROON
Listed in
This article is not in any list yet, why not save it to one of your lists.Abstract
Aims and objective
Anemias are a burden for management because they are associated with the worsening of the pathophysiology of diseases. They can be multifactorial, including micronutrient deficiencies including iron deficiencies. This study aimed to biologically characterize anemias and iron deficiency anemias during diabetes and to identify the associated factors.
Methods
Over 4 months, we conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from August to November 2024. 210 diabetic patients, attending the diabetology unit of the regional hospital in West Cameroon were studied, their age range between <20 and > 70 years. Blood samples were taken for biological tests including blood count, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum following standard assay protocols. The results obtained were analyzed using the R statistical tool version 4.1.1.
Results
The sex ratio was 0.89 and the mean age was 48.32±18.19 years. 48.6% of patients were overweight. The frequency of anemia was observed in 72 females (53%) and 63 males (46.7%) with a total frequency of 64.3%. 11.4% were found to have iron deficiency anemias. The blood count revealed hematological abnormalities characterized by leukopenia (41.4%), granulocytopenia (35.7%), and thrombocytopenia (2.86%) with macroplateletosis (40.0%). Anemias were characterized by microcytosis (11.1% in anemic patients versus none in non-anemic patients ( p <0.001), hypochromia (88.9% in anemic patients versus 72% in non-anemic patients ( p <0.001)) and greater regeneration in anemic patients versus non-anemic patients (p<0.001). Macroplateletosis and high Hb1AC were identified as predictive factors for iron deficiency anemia in diabetes with (Or=2.83, 95% CI= [1.17;6.80]; p =0.021) and Or=2.38, 95% CI= [0.14;3.09], p =0.045, respectively.
Conclusion
This study reports a significant frequency of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in diabetic patients; the latter is associated with worsening clinical manifestations in patients. This study raises the need for regular exploration of iron status in diabetics to prevent complications related to iron deficiency.
