Visible blue light inactivates SARS-CoV-2 variants and inhibits Delta replication in differentiated human airway epithelia
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Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade host immune responses has prolonged the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the development of an efficacious, variant-agnostic therapeutic for the treatment of early SARS-CoV-2 infection would help reduce global health and economic burdens. Visible light therapy has the potential to fill these gaps. In this study, visible blue light centered around 425 nm efficiently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell-free suspensions and in a translationally relevant well-differentiated tissue model of the human large airway. Specifically, 425 nm light inactivated cell-free SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Lambda, and Omicron by up to 99.99% in a dose-dependent manner, while the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab did not neutralize the Beta, Delta, and Gamma variants. Further, we observed that 425 nm light reduced virus binding to host ACE-2 receptor and limited viral entry to host cells in vitro . Further, the twice daily administration of 32 J/cm 2 of 425 nm light for three days reduced infectious SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants by >99.99% in human airway models when dosing began during the early stages of infection. In more established infections, logarithmic reductions of infectious Beta and Delta titers were observed using the same dosing regimen. Finally, we demonstrated that the 425 nm dosing regimen was well-tolerated by the large airway tissue model. Our results indicate that blue light therapy has the potential to lead to a well-tolerated and variant-agnostic countermeasure against COVID-19.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.25.477616: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Fifty μL of 1:3000 diluted mouse anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 monoclonal antibody (GT623, Invitrogen) in 1% BSA-PBS blocking buffer was added and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. anti-SARS-CoV-2suggested: NoneGT623suggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cells, tissues, and viruses: Vero E6 and A549 cells were purchased from ATCC. A549suggested: NCI-DTP Cat# A549, RRID:CVCL_0023)Vero E6 cells were maintained as previously described (Stasko et al., … SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.25.477616: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Fifty μL of 1:3000 diluted mouse anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 monoclonal antibody (GT623, Invitrogen) in 1% BSA-PBS blocking buffer was added and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. anti-SARS-CoV-2suggested: NoneGT623suggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cells, tissues, and viruses: Vero E6 and A549 cells were purchased from ATCC. A549suggested: NCI-DTP Cat# A549, RRID:CVCL_0023)Vero E6 cells were maintained as previously described (Stasko et al., 2021b). Vero E6suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical analysis: Statistical significance for viral titers and cell cytotoxicity were determined using the Mann-Whitney ranked sum test using GraphPad Prism 8. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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