Single-nuclei paired multiomic analysis of young, aged, and Parkinson’s disease human midbrain reveals age- and disease-associated glial changes and their contribution to Parkinson’s disease
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Abstract
Age is the primary risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how aging changes the expression and regulatory landscape of the brain remains unclear. Here, we present a single-nuclei multiomic study profiling shared gene expression and chromatin accessibility of young, aged and PD post-mortem midbrain samples. Combined multiomic analysis along a pseudopathogenesis trajectory reveals all glial cell types are affected by age, but microglia and oligodendrocytes are further altered in PD. We present evidence for a novel disease-associated oligodendrocyte subtype and identify genes lost over the aging and disease process, including CARNS1, that may predispose healthy cells to develop a disease-associated phenotype. Peak-gene association analysis from paired data identifies 89 PD-associated SNP loci, including five in MAPT, that show differential association with gene expression in disease-associated oligodendrocytes. Our study suggests a previously undescribed role for oligodendrocytes in aging and PD pathogenesis.
