Susceptibility of domestic swine to experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for COVID-19 has been shown to infect a number of species. The role of domestic livestock and the risk associated for humans in close contact remains unknown for many production animals. Determination of the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical towards a One Health approach to manage the potential risk of zoonotic transmission. Here, pigs undergoing experimental inoculation are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 at low levels. Viral RNA was detected in group oral fluids and nasal wash from at least two animals while live virus was isolated from a pig. Further, antibodies could be detected in two animals at 11 and 13 days post infection, while oral fluid samples at 6 days post inoculation indicated the presence of secreted antibodies. These data highlight the need for additional livestock assessment to better determine the potential role domestic animals may contribute towards the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.10.288548: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: Ethics Statement: Experimental design, including housing conditions, sampling regimen, and humane endpoints, were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health in AUD #C-20-005 and all procedures and housing conditions were in strict accordance with the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) guidelines.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power AnalysisAnimal numbers were not based on power analysis but on the limitations of the containment animal room size and requirements of CCAC guidelines.
    Sex as a biological variableStudy design: Nineteen domestic, American Yorkshire crossbred pigs (Sus scrufa) (6 castrated males and 13 females, age 8 weeks) were locally sourced in Manitoba, Canada and utilized in this study.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Serum Neutralization Assays: Neutralizing antibody titers in sera were determined via plaque reduction neutralization test against SARS-CoV-2.
    SARS-CoV-2
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Each virus-serum mixture was then added to duplicate wells of Vero E6 cells in a 48-well format, incubated for 1 hour at 37°C, and overlaid with 500 μl of 2.0% carboxymethylcellulose in DMEM per well.
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Sequences were analysed using an in-house nf-villumina (v2.0.0) Nextflow workflow that performed: read quality filtering with fastp; taxonomic classification with Centrifuge and Kraken2 using a Centrifuge index of NCBI nt downloaded 2020-02-04 and a Kraken2 index of NCBI RefSeq sequences of archaea, bacteria, viral and the human genome GRCh38 downloaded and built on 2019-03-22; removal of non-viral reads (NCBI taxonomic id 10239) using the Kraken2 and Centrifuge taxonomic classification results; de novo assembly by Shovill, Unicycler and Megahit using the taxonomically filtered reads; nucleotide BLAST search of all assembled contigs against NCBI nucleotide downloaded 2020-04-10. nf-villumina
    RefSeq
    suggested: (RefSeq, RRID:SCR_003496)
    BLAST
    suggested: (BLASTX, RRID:SCR_001653)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.