SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro neutralization assay reveals inhibition of virus entry by iota-carrageenan
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Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine and other effective prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant public health threat. Attachment and entry of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by the spike glycoprotein (SGP). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus (SSPL) was developed that allows studying spike-mediated cell entry via luciferase reporter activity in a BSL2 environment. Here, we show that iota-carrageenan can inhibit the cell entry of SSPL in a dose dependent manner. SSPL particles were efficiently neutralized with an IC 50 value of 2.6 µg/ml iota-carrageenan. In vitro data on iota-carrageenan against various Rhino- and Coronaviruses showed similar IC 50 values and translated readily into clinical effectiveness when a nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan demonstrated a reduction in severity and duration of symptoms of common cold caused by various respiratory viruses. Accordingly, our in vitro data on SSPL suggest that administration of iota-carrageenan may be an effective and safe prophylaxis or treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests: Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 cells/well were infected with 750 infectious particles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (Luc reporter). ACE2-HEK293suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources To enable direct comparison of the effectiveness of the test substances, the IC50 value of each sample was calculated for a sigmoidal dose–response model with XLfit Excel add-in version 5.3.1. XLfit Excelsug…SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests: Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 cells/well were infected with 750 infectious particles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (Luc reporter). ACE2-HEK293suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources To enable direct comparison of the effectiveness of the test substances, the IC50 value of each sample was calculated for a sigmoidal dose–response model with XLfit Excel add-in version 5.3.1. XLfit Excelsuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No funding statement was detected.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 cells/well were infected with 750 infectious particles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (Luc reporter). ACE2-HEK293suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources To enable direct comparison of the effectiveness of the test substances, the IC50 … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 cells/well were infected with 750 infectious particles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (Luc reporter). ACE2-HEK293suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources To enable direct comparison of the effectiveness of the test substances, the IC50 value of each sample was calculated for a sigmoidal dose–response model with XLfit Excel add-in version 5.3.1. XLfit Excelsuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
About SciScore
SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore is not a substitute for expert review. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers) in the manuscript, and detects sentences that appear to be missing RRIDs. SciScore also checks to make sure that rigor criteria are addressed by authors. It does this by detecting sentences that discuss criteria such as blinding or power analysis. SciScore does not guarantee that the rigor criteria that it detects are appropriate for the particular study. Instead it assists authors, editors, and reviewers by drawing attention to sections of the manuscript that contain or should contain various rigor criteria and key resources. For details on the results shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources While both, asymptomatic patients as well as symptomatic patients, had neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, also in both groups a reduction of the antibody levels and the neutralization capacity was observed within 2-3 months after infection. had neutralizing serum IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.224733: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources While both, asymptomatic patients as well as symptomatic patients, had neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, also in both groups a reduction of the antibody levels and the neutralization capacity was observed within 2-3 months after infection. had neutralizing serum IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Neutralization tests Approximately 7500 ACE2-HEK293 cells/well were infected with 750 infectious particles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (Luc reporter). ACE2-HEK293suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources To enable direct comparison of the effectiveness of the test substances, the IC50 value of each sample was calculated for a sigmoidal dose–response model with XLfit Excel add-in version 5.3.1. XLfit Excelsuggested: NoneData from additional tools added to each annotation on a weekly basis.
About SciScore
SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore is not a substitute for expert review. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers) in the manuscript, and detects sentences that appear to be missing RRIDs. SciScore also checks to make sure that rigor criteria are addressed by authors. It does this by detecting sentences that discuss criteria such as blinding or power analysis. SciScore does not guarantee that the rigor criteria that it detects are appropriate for the particular study. Instead it assists authors, editors, and reviewers by drawing attention to sections of the manuscript that contain or should contain various rigor criteria and key resources. For details on the results shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.
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