Distinct Inductions of and Responses to Type I and Type III Interferons Promote Infections in Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates
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Abstract
The recent emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly and widely spread and causing an ongoing viral pneumonia outbreak worldwide. It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 patients show a rather long and asymptomatic incubation time. We characterized the abilities to induce and to response to IFNβ/IFNλ1 of two or our clinical isolates, SARS-CoV-2/NTU01/TWN/human/2020 and SARS-CoV-2/NTU02/TWN/human/2020, which exhibit only two amino acid differences over the ∼30kb viral genome. We found that both isolates may infect Huh7, A549 and Calu-3 cells, yet the RIG-I-like receptor-dependent antiviral signaling was poorly induced in these cells in the early infections. Unexpectedly, we found that the intracellular vRNA levels of these isolates were sustained upon to type I/III IFN treatments, and this phenotype was more pronounced in the Taiwan/NTU01/2020 isolate. The type I/III IFN responses are antiviral but partially proviral in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Poor induction and response to innate immunity may contribute to destitute neutralization index of the antibody produced, and indeed we found that the patient serum could not efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virions. With better understandings of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host antiviral innate immunity, our report may provide new insights for the regimen of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.30.071357: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cells and Viruses: Huh7, A549, Calu-3, VeroE6 and LLC-MK2 cells were propagated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium DMEM; Gibco-BRL, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; GIBCO-BRL, USA), penicillin G sodium 100 units/mL, streptomycin sulfate 100 μg/mL and amphotericin B 250 ng/mL (antibiotic-antimycotic; Gibco-BRL, Huh7suggested: NoneA549suggested: NoneCalu-3suggested: NoneLLC-MK2suggested: NoneBriefly, the VeroE6 … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.30.071357: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cells and Viruses: Huh7, A549, Calu-3, VeroE6 and LLC-MK2 cells were propagated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium DMEM; Gibco-BRL, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; GIBCO-BRL, USA), penicillin G sodium 100 units/mL, streptomycin sulfate 100 μg/mL and amphotericin B 250 ng/mL (antibiotic-antimycotic; Gibco-BRL, Huh7suggested: NoneA549suggested: NoneCalu-3suggested: NoneLLC-MK2suggested: NoneBriefly, the VeroE6 cells were seeded at 2 × 105 cells/well in the 24-well tissue culture plates with DMEM containing 10% FCS and antibiotics one day before infection. VeroE6suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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