Occurrence of mcr-1 and tet-B Resistance Genes in Poultry-Associated Escherichia coli from Nepal
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The emergence of co-existence of colistin and tetracycline resistance within Escherichia coli isolates in poultry and human being narrow down the effectiveness of antibiotics, alarming a big threat to human being in disease management worldwide. The problem is more severe in the developing countries like Nepal where colistin is highly used in poultry feed and drinks. A laboratory and field based cross sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 so as to determine the trends of colistin resistance among E. coli isolates from poultry. A total of 200 samples; 50 fecal sample, 50 cloacal swab, 50 feed sample and 50 drinking water sample of five different and most affected poultry farms of Bharatpur municipality were collected and processed for isolation, identification of E. coli, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The resistant isolates were screened for the presence of mcr-1 and tet-B gene by using conventional PCR assays. Out of 200 samples investigated, total E. coli isolates recovered was 34% (68/200). In AST, gentamycin was found to be the least effective antibiotic showing resistance to 94.1% (64/68) isolates whereas colistin was found to be the most effective antibiotic showing resistance to only 19.1% (13/68) E. coli isolates. Among 68 E. coli isolates, 83.8% (57/68) of isolates were found to be MDR, 7 (10.29%) E. coli isolates had mcr-1 gene whereas 16 (23.52%) E. coli isolates had tet-B gene. Haphazard use of antibiotic should be completely discouraged in the poultry industries.
