Prevalence and Characterization of β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Gingivitis Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Microbiological Study

Gingivitis is an extremely common inflammation of the gums, which, if not treated, can develop into periodontitis. We examined the prevalence and microbiological characteristics of gingivitis-associated bacteria in patients with and without diabetes and, specifically, of β-lactamase producing strains which mediate antibiotic resistance. Clinical samples from two groups of patients (Diabetic, n = 17; Non-diabetic, n = 20) were collected and analyzed for a total of 37 samples. Bacteria were identified by routine microbiological and biochemical tests and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and for β-lactamase production. Results There were more patients with multi-bacterial infections in diabetic group, and increasing Gram-negative organisms. 72 67.6% of the isolates, which presented a resistance profile to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Ciprofloxacin and kanamycin remained effectively. Conclusions emphasize the strong relationship between the complexity of diabetes and oral microbiota, especially in the context of antimicrobial resistance. It underlines the importance of early diagnosis, sequential periodontal therapy and antimicrobial management in diabetic population.