A comparative in silico analysis of the vlhA gene regions of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Myc. synoviae isolates from commercial hen farms in Mexico.

Avian mycoplasmosis, caused by Mycoplasma synoviae and Myc. gallisepticum, poses significant economic challenges due to respiratory issues, reduced production, and soft eggshells. The hemagglutinin (vlhA) protein, crucial for pathogenicity, comprises conserved (MSPB) and variable (MSPA) regions. In this study, we examined vlhA sequences from field strains in Mexico's central region (Jalisco and Mexico City), revealing a close cluster relationship distinct from sequences in GeneBank. We analyzed 124 deformed eggs and 10 laying hens from nine farms with Hy-line and Bovans breeds. Using PCR targeting mgc2 and 16S RNAr genes, we characterized 24 field strains, Mycoplasma synoviae (4) and Myc. gallisepticum (20). The vlhA regions, based on AF035624.1 sequences, were analyzed with ATTC strains as positive controls. Additionally, 20 negative samples at Mycoplasma isolation, validated the sensitivity of PCR testing without the need of cultivation. Two amplification regions were identified: the 1st MSPB and 2nd MSPA. Bioanalysis revealed relationships with relatives avian Mycoplasma sequences in GenBank, alongside similarities with Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 and Escherichia coli. Given vlhA's significance in pathogenicity and immune evasion, the identified conserved sequences hold potential as therapeutic targets and for phylogenetic studies.