Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in Bangalore India as a part of the One Health approach
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In India, limited studies are available on the epidemiological aspects of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in both animal and human settings. Herein, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates recovered from cattle using the One Health approach. Out of 66 mec A-positive staphylococci, species-specific multiplex PCR detected 24 % ( n =16) of isolates as MRSA. Maximum antibiotic resistance was seen against cloxacillin (94 %, n =15) and least for enrofloxacin and cephalothin (each 13 %, n =2). Overall, 13 % ( n =2) of MRSA isolates were multidrug-resistant. Molecular characterization by SCC mec typing identified 88 % ( n =14) of MRSA isolates as type V. Twelve isolates (75 %) belonged to novel spa -type t17242, of which 67 % ( n =8) belonged to agr type I. MLST analysis revealed ST 1687 (50 %, n =8) as the most predominant sequence type. Circulation of different MRSA clones among the cattle populace offers a risk of transmission to humans through direct contact, food chain or environmental contamination. Thus, continuous monitoring of MRSA strains is imperative for early diagnosis and for establishing effective treatment strategies to restrain the disease burden caused by MRSA infections.
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Thank you for addressing all reviewers comments including the addition of MLST data for your strains, and for adding extra context and clarity around the sampling strategy. I would suggest a title amendment to include reference to where the samples come from (India/Bangalore) because the data are very specific to this region rather than being generalisable, and lots of comparison to data from other countries is included in the results section. ("Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in Bangalore India as a part of the One Health approach")
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Your manuscript is well written but requires some minor edits and additional discussion points to improve the manuscript. Please can the authors address the reviewers comments below, adding discussion and clarification to the text where required. Additionally, please can you merge the methods sections given in the main manuscript and supplementary so that all of the methodology details are in the main body of the text.
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Comments to Author
The study is on the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile, and molecular characteristics of MRSA from cattle rearing settings. I have the following comments: Major comments 1. The prevalence is not well described: The sample size for the milking machine and supplied water samples is much lower than other samples, therefore authors should explain their sample size selection. 'Prevalence' appears in the title; therefore, it is important to show positive outcomes of MRSA from the different sources within the cattle rearing settings. For instance, all isolates presented in results were recovered from only milk and wound samples, does this mean that MRSA was not recovered from other samples? This must be clarified as it will inform dynamics of spread. Confidence interval should be included. 2. …
Comments to Author
The study is on the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile, and molecular characteristics of MRSA from cattle rearing settings. I have the following comments: Major comments 1. The prevalence is not well described: The sample size for the milking machine and supplied water samples is much lower than other samples, therefore authors should explain their sample size selection. 'Prevalence' appears in the title; therefore, it is important to show positive outcomes of MRSA from the different sources within the cattle rearing settings. For instance, all isolates presented in results were recovered from only milk and wound samples, does this mean that MRSA was not recovered from other samples? This must be clarified as it will inform dynamics of spread. Confidence interval should be included. 2. There should be discussions on the drivers of MRSA spread within cattle rearing settings and how these can influence spread from a broader One Health context. Finally, the observed dynamics can inform recommended cost effective preventative solutions in cattle production areas. 3. The authors mention a 'One Health' approach. The sampling strategy should reflect this approach in the main manuscript and not supplementary material. 4. The authors should include MLST data analysis to provide information on the diversity and population structure of MRSA. Data on phylogenetics which is available from MLST is important for source tracking purposes. There is more value in understanding the spread of resistant isolates within the respective study sites as this information can be used to develop potential interventions. Minor comments. -Line 32-33, Line 84-85- The isolates are from cattle and other sources within the production setting. One Health should reflect in objective. -Consistency e.g., five or 5 (Line 108, 186) -Italic scientific names e.g., Line 94, 99-103
Please rate the manuscript for methodological rigour
Good
Please rate the quality of the presentation and structure of the manuscript
Good
To what extent are the conclusions supported by the data?
Partially support
Do you have any concerns of possible image manipulation, plagiarism or any other unethical practices?
No
Is there a potential financial or other conflict of interest between yourself and the author(s)?
No
If this manuscript involves human and/or animal work, have the subjects been treated in an ethical manner and the authors complied with the appropriate guidelines?
Yes
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Comments to Author
The epidemiological study by Venugopal et al describes the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cattle in India. The study is well written and has been performed using a rigorous methodology that is classical for such a study regarding S. aureus. The authors have presented the results in a clear manner with a robust comparison of their findings in the context of other studies. The manuscript is easy to read and has clear conclusions. I have two main comments for consideration: 1. The samples numbers and their corresponding isolate ID's appear to differ between Tables 1 and 2. It would be useful to standardize the sample numbers between the tables to decrease confusion for the reader unless there is a clear reason why isolates are given different sample …
Comments to Author
The epidemiological study by Venugopal et al describes the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cattle in India. The study is well written and has been performed using a rigorous methodology that is classical for such a study regarding S. aureus. The authors have presented the results in a clear manner with a robust comparison of their findings in the context of other studies. The manuscript is easy to read and has clear conclusions. I have two main comments for consideration: 1. The samples numbers and their corresponding isolate ID's appear to differ between Tables 1 and 2. It would be useful to standardize the sample numbers between the tables to decrease confusion for the reader unless there is a clear reason why isolates are given different sample numbers between the two tables. 2. Line 203 in the text appears to be missing some wording.
Please rate the manuscript for methodological rigour
Very good
Please rate the quality of the presentation and structure of the manuscript
Very good
To what extent are the conclusions supported by the data?
Partially support
Do you have any concerns of possible image manipulation, plagiarism or any other unethical practices?
No
Is there a potential financial or other conflict of interest between yourself and the author(s)?
No
If this manuscript involves human and/or animal work, have the subjects been treated in an ethical manner and the authors complied with the appropriate guidelines?
Yes
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