Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune and inflammatory responses in individuals recovering from COVID-19 with and without post-acute symptoms

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.26.21252308: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementConsent: Ethics Statement: All participants sign a written informed consent and the study was approved by the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (IRB# 20-30479).
    IRB: Ethics Statement: All participants sign a written informed consent and the study was approved by the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (IRB# 20-30479).
    RandomizationWe randomly selected participants that experienced low initial disease severity (defined as 4 or fewer points on the symptom severity scale without hospitalization), moderate severity (5-7 points without hospitalization), and highly severe disease (greater than 7 points and/or hospitalized) in order to have a sample population representing a wide spectrum of initial disease severity.
    BlindingStatistical Analyses: Flow cytometric, antibody and cytokine data were generated blinded to participant information.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    2 Antibody Testing: Serum was tested for antibodies at UCSF using an in-house multiplex microsphere assay (Luminex platform) to detect IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike, receptor binding domain (RBD), and two preparations of the N protein (on full length and one fragment).
    SARS-CoV-2 spike, receptor binding domain (RBD),
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    PBMC were cryopreserved in heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (Phoenix Scientific, Bangkok, Thailand) containing 10% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) and stored in liquid nitrogen.
    Phoenix Scientific
    suggested: None
    All samples were analyzed on a BD LSR-II analyzer and analyzed with FlowJo X software.
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Comparisons of M0 values across comparator groups incorporated non-parametric Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test with unadjusted Dunn correction for multiple comparisons using Prism v. 8 (GraphPad Software).
    Prism
    suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    Linear regression modeling was performed using SPSS v.
    SPSS
    suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    There are several notable limitations. First, the timeframe of sampling was limited to the recovery phase of COVID-19, and it is possible that there are clinically important biological correlates that could have been identified had samples from the infectious period been available. Further analyses leveraging this and other cohorts will assess these predictors. Second, while there is intense interest in understanding post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there remains no consensus case definition for this condition. It is possible that our case definition was highly sensitive but lacked the specificity needed to detect biological differences characterizing this condition. As clinical phenotypes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 become better-defined, more focused analyses could yield important results. Finally, this study involved a large number of analyses and comparator groups using assays with inherent intra- and inter-participant variation and a high degree of collinearity between study factors, making it difficult to make specific biological or causal inferences. As a result, we used a targeted approach to focus analyses on primary endpoints of interest, and we acknowledge our results are hypothesis generating and need to be confirmed in future studies and/or in other cohorts. Nonetheless, we observed important unique patterns across the various assays measuring adaptive and humoral immune responses for various clinical factors such as initial clinical severity d...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:

    IdentifierStatusTitle
    NCT04362150Active, not recruitingLong-term Impact of Infection With Novel Coronavirus (COVID-…


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.