Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐COV‐2 in Italy

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Abstract

This report describes the isolation, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of the first three complete genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) isolated from three patients involved in the first outbreak of COVID‐19 in Lombardy, Italy. Early molecular epidemiological tracing suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 was present in Italy weeks before the first reported cases of infection.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.15.20032870: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementConsent: Written informed consent for any other medical procedures/interventions performed for routine treatment purposes was collected for each patient.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    After isolating the virus in Vero cells, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was extracted from the culture supernatant after 24 hours, and the full genome was obtained by amplifying 26 fragments using previously published specific primers 3.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The results were mapped and aligned to the reference genome obtained from Gisaid (https://www.gisaid.org/, accession ID: EPI_ISL_412973) using Geneious software, v. 9.1.5 (http://www.geneious.com) 4.
    Geneious
    suggested: (Geneious, RRID:SCR_010519)
    In order to investigate the temporal signal of the data set, a root-to-tip regression analysis was performed by using TempEst 5.
    TempEst
    suggested: (TempEst, RRID:SCR_017304)
    The Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model with a proportion of invariant sites (HKY+I) was selected as the simplest evolutionary model by means of JmodelTest, v. 2.1.7 (3), and the phylogenetic analysis was made using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method implemented in BEAST, v.1.8.4 6.
    JmodelTest
    suggested: (jModelTest, RRID:SCR_015244)
    BEAST
    suggested: (BEAST, RRID:SCR_010228)
    All of the genes were tested for selection pressure using Datamonkey (https://www.datamonkey.org/).
    Datamonkey
    suggested: (DataMonkey, RRID:SCR_010278)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.