Endorsed by GigaByte

Editors Assessment:

This Data Release paper presents the first genome assembly of the lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), a commercially important flatfish found in European coastal waters. It is also interesting that this work was carried out in a University course setting involving the students. The resulting chromosome-level genome was assembled using long-read PacBio HiFi sequencing and the Hi-C technique. The 628 Mbp reference (which is consistent with other Pleuronectidae fish species) is assembled into 24 chromosome-length scaffolds with high completeness, achieving a scaffold N50 of 27.2 Mbp. Peer review and data curation made the author clarify a few points and share all of the data and results in an open and well curated manner. The annotated genome of the lemon sole, with its high continuity, should therefore provide important reference data for future population genetic analyses and conservation strategies of this organism.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

**Editors Assessment: ** Sinocyclocheilus are a genus of freshwater cavefish fish that are endemic to the Karst regions of Southwest China. Having diverse traits in morphology, behavior, and physiology typical of cavefish, that make them interesting models for studying cave adaptation and phylogenetic evolution. The manuscript assembled chromosomal-level genomes of five Sinocyclocheilus species, and conducted allotetraploid origin analysis on these species. Assembling S. grahami (the golden-line barbel), using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies, a final chromosome-level genome assembly was 1.6 Gb in size with a contig N50 of 738.5 kb and a scaffold N50 of 30.7 Mb. With 93.1% of the assembled genome sequences and 93.8% of the predicted genes anchored onto 48 chromosomes. Subsequently the authors conducted a homologous comparison to obtain chromosome-level genome assemblies for four other Sinocyclocheilus species: S. maitianheensis, S. rhinocerous, S. anshuiensis, and S. Anophthalmus. With over 82% of the genome sequences anchored on these constructed chromosomes. Peer review provided clarification on the assembly strategy and provided more benchmarking. This data having the potential to contribute to species conservation and the exploitation of potential economic and ecological values of diverse Sinocyclocheilus members.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

With the recent official launch of BGI’s new CycloneSEQ sequencing platform that delivers long-reads using novel nanpores, this paper presents benchmarking data and validation studies comparing short, long-rea data from other platforms and hybrid assemblies. This study tests the performance of the new platform in sequencing diverse microbial genomes, presenting raw and processed data to enable others to scrutinise and verify the work. Being openly peer-reviewed, and having scripts and protocols also shared for the first time helps provide transparency in this benchmarking process to increase trust in this new technology. On top of benchmarking typed strains, the technology also was tested with complex microbial communities. Yielding complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) which were not achieved by short- or long-read assemblies alone. By directly reading DNA molecules without fragmentation, the study demonstrating CycloneSEQ delivers long-read data with impressive length and accuracy, unlocking gaps that short-read technologies alone cannot bridge. Future work is expanding to real samples, with and fine-tuning the balance between short-read and long-read data for even faster, higher-quality assemblies.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

Acropora pulchra is a species small polyped stony corals in the family Acroporidae from the the Indo-Pacific. This Data Release is the first study in stony corals to present the DNA methylome in tandem with a high-quality genome assembled utilizing PacBio long-read HiFi sequencing. Sequencing an A. pulchra specimen from Mo’orea, French Polynesia. From this single molecule sequencing data DNA methylation data was also called and quantified, and additional short-read Illumina RNASeq data was used for gene annotation. This producing an assembly size is 518 Mbp, with 174 scaffolds, and a scaffold N50 of 17 Mbp, and 40,518 protein-coding genes called. Peer review requested some improved benchmarking, and it is impressive to see from the results that the genome assembly represents the most complete and contiguous stony coral genome assembly to date. As an important indicator species and this data will hopefully serve as a resource to the coral and wider scientific community. Further quantification of the genome-wide methylation is needed aid the study epigenetics of non-model organisms, and specifically future analyses on methylation in coral.

*This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

As volumes of viral and bacterial sequence data grow exponentially, the field of computational phylogenetics now demands resources to manage the burgeoning scale of this input data. This study introduces CompactTree, a C++ library designed for ultra-large phylogenetic trees with millions of tips. To address these scalability issues while maintaining ease of incorporation into external code bases, CompactTree is a header-only library with enhanced performance utilizing minimal dependencies, optimized node representation, and memory-efficient tree structure schemes. Resulting in significantly reduced memory footprints and improved processing times. Peer review requested some more detail on the functionality and some real-world examples, demonstrating the current utility of the tool. Although primarily supporting the (text-based) Newick format, the increased and extensibility scalability holds promise for multiple biological and epidemiological applications supporting more complex formats such as Nexus and NeXML. The tool is open source (GPLv3 licensed) and available in GitHub: https://niema.net/CompactTree

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

The Visayan spotted deer (Rusa alfredi), is a small, endangered, primarily nocturnal species of deer found in the rainforests of the Visayan Islands in the Philippines. The present study reports the first draft genome assembly for the species, addressing a critical gap in genomic data for this IUCN-redlisted cervid. Using Illumina sequencing, the resulting genome assembly spans 2.52 Gb in size with a BUSCO completeness score of 95.5% and encompasses 24,531 annotated genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a close evolutionary relationship between R. alfredi and Cervus species suggesting that the genus Rusa is sister to Cervus. Peer-review teased out more benchmarking results and the annotation files, demonstrating this genomic resource is useful and usable for advancing population genetics and evolutionary studies, thereby informing conservation strategies and enhancing breeding programs for the critically threatened species. Providing whole genome sequences for other native species of Rusa could further provide genomic resources for detecting hybrids, which will also help the management and monitoring of these species, especially for the reintroduction of captive populations in the wild.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

Teinturier grapes produce berries with pigmented skin and flesh, and are used in red wine blends, as they provide a deeper colour. This paper presents the genomes of two popular teinturier varieties (Dakapo and Rubired); sequenced, assembled, and annotated to provide additional resources for their use in breeding. Combining Nanopore and Illumina sequencing for Dakapo, scaffolding to the existing grapevine assembly to generate a final assembly of 508.5 Mbp and 36,940 gene annotations. For Rubired PacBio HiFi reads were assembled, scaffolded, and phased to generate a diploid assembly with two haplotypes 474.7-476.0 Mbp long and 56,681 genes annotated. Peer review has helped validate their high quality, these genomes hopefully enabling more insight into the genetics of grapevine berry colour and their other traits like frost and mildew-resistance.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

The accuracy of basecalling of nanopore sequencing still needs to be improved. With recent advances in deep learning this paper introduces SqueezeCall, a novel end-to-end tool for accurate basecalling. This uses Squeezeformer-achitecture which integrates local context extraction through convolutional layers and long-range dependency modeling via global context acquisition. Testing and peer review demonstrated that SqueezeCall outperformed traditional RNN and Transformer-based basecallers across multiple datasets, indicating its potential to refine genomic assembly and facilitate direct detection of modified bases in future genomic analytics. Future work is ongoing that will focus on training on highly curated datasets, including known modifications, to further increase research value. SqueezeCall is MIT licensed and available from GitHub here: https://github.com/labcbb/SqueezeCall

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

DNA has huge potential as a data storage medium because of its incredibly high storage density and stability. This work addresses the potential of modified bases, specifically 5-methylcytosine (5mC), in enhancing DNA data storage systems. This paper introduces a transcoding scheme named R+, which incorporates this modified 5mC base to increase information density beyond the standard limits. By encoding various file types into DNA sequences of between 1.3 to 1.6 kb in size, this method achieves an average recovery rate of 98.97% (with reference), validating the effectiveness of the method. On top of a wet-lab protocol (hosted in protocols.io) for the experimental validation of the transcoding scheme, it also includes open source code for in-silico simulation tests. Peer review scruitinising the protocols and validation are reusable and provide convincing results. As nanopore sequencing has enabled reading of these modified bases, it is timely making them applicable as extra letters in the molecular alphabet for DNA data storage

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

Among hot topics in coral reef research, the difference between anemonefish and other damselfish is currently a popular area of research. In this study the authors provide a new high-quality non-anemonefish genome, which will be of high relevance to further the depth of such analyses. In this case of the sapphire damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea, a widely distributed damselfish in the Indo-Pacific area, often studied to elucidate the roles of various environmental controls on their reproduction, and investigate related hormonal processes To further the potential of biomolecular analyses based on this species, this study generated the first genome of a Chrysiptera fish from a male individual collected in Okinawa, Japan. Using PacBio and HiFI long-read sequencing with 94.5x coverage, a chromosome-scale genome was assembled and 28,173 genes identified and annotated. Peer review gathered more parameters and details on the quality, and the final assembly comprised of 896 Mb pairs across 91 contigs, and a BUSCO completeness of 97.6%. This reference genome should therefore be of high value for future genetic-based approaches, from population structure to gene expression analyses.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

Due to them being found in the landlocked, isolated habitat of Lake Baikal makes the Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica) unique among all pinnipeds as the only freshwater seal. This paper presents reference-based assemblies of six newly sequenced Baikal seal individuals, one individual of the ringed seal, as well as the first short-read data of the harbor seal and the Caspian seal . This data aiding the study of the genomic diversity of the Baikal seal and to contribute baseline data to the limited genomic data available for seals. Peer review extended the description of the used tools and parameters in the revised manuscript, and provided some more information on the methods..This newly generated sequencing data hopefully now helps to extend the phylogeny of the Phoca/Pusa group on genome-wide data and can also broaden the view into the genetic structure and diversity of the Baikal seal

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

The article presents strategies for accelerating sequence alignment using multithreading and SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) techniques, and introduces a new algorithm called TSTA (Thread and SIMD-Based Trapezoidal Pairwise/Multiple Sequence-Alignment). The Technical Release write-up presenting a detailed description of TSTA's performance in pairwise sequence alignment (PSA) and multiple sequence alignment (MSA), and compares it with various existing alignment algorithms. Demonstrating the performance gains achieved by vectorized SIMD technology and the application of threading. Testing and debugging a few errors, and adding some more background detail, demonstrating it can achieve faster comparison speed. Demonstrating TSTA's efficacy in pairwise sequence alignment and multiple sequence alignment, particularly with long reads, and showcasing considerable speed enhancements compared to existing tools.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

The crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus), is a lizard species endemic to New Caledonia, and a potentially interesting model organism due to its unusual (for a gecko) inability to regenerate amputated tails. With that in mind here is presented a new reference genome for the species, assembled using PacBio Sequel II platform and Dovetail Omni-C libraries. Producing a genome with a total size of 1.65 Gb, 152 scaffolds, a L50 of 6, and N50 of 109 Mb. Peer review making sure more detail was added on data acquisition and processing to enhance reproducibility. In the end producing potentially useful data for studying the genetic mechanisms involved in loss of tail regeneration.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

This paper presents the SMARTER database, a collection of tools and scripts to gather, standardize, and share with the scientific community a comprehensive dataset of genomic data and metadata information on worldwide small ruminant populations. Which has come out of the EU multi-actor (12 country) H2020 project called SMARTER: SMAll RuminanTs breeding for Efficiency and Resilience. This bringing together genotypes for about 12,000 sheep and 6,000 goats, alongside phenotypic and geographic information. The paper providing insight into how the database was put together, presenting the code for the SMARTER—frontend, backend and API, alongside instructions for users. Peer review tested the platform and provided suggestions on improving the metadata. Demonstrating the project provides valuable information on sheep and goat populations around the world, that can be an essential tool for ruminant researchers. Enabling them to generate new insights and offer the possibility to store new genotypes and drive progress in the field.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

This paper presents NucBalancer, a R-pipeline and Shiny app designed for the optimal selection of barcode sequences for sample multiplexing in sequencing. Providing a user-friendly interface aiming to make this process accessible to both bioinformaticians and experimental researchers, enhancing its utility in adapting libraries prepared for one sequencing platform to be compatible with others. Important now with the introduction of additional sequencing platforms by Element Biosciences (AVITI System) and Ultima Genomics (UG100) increasing the diversity and capability of genomic research tools available. NucBalancer’s incorporation of dynamic parameters, including customizable red flag thresholds, allows for precise and practical barcode sequencing strategies. This adaptability is key in ensuring uniform nucleotide distribution, particularly in MGI sequencing and single-cell genomic studies, leading to more reliable and cost-effective sequencing outcomes across various experimental conditions. All the code is available under an open source license, and upon review the authors have also shared the code for the Shiny app.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

This paper reports the establishment of the International Cannabis Genomics Research Consortium (ICGRC) web portal leveraging the open source Tripal platform to enhance data accessibility and integration for Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) multi-omics research. With the aim of bringing together the wealth of publicly available genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data sets to improve cannabis for food, fiber and medicinal traits. Tripal is a content management system for genomics data, presenting a ready-to-use specialized ‘omics modules for loading, visualization, and analysis, and is GMOD (Generic Model Organism Database) standards-compliant. The paper explaining how this was put together, what data and features are available, and providing a case study for other communities wanting to create their own Tripal platform. Covering their setup and customizations of the Tripal platform, and how they re-engineered modules for multi-omics data integration, and addition of many other custom features that can be reused. Peer review fixed a few minor bugs and added clarifications on how the platform will be updated.

*This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

This Data Release paper presents the genome of the whippet breed of dog. Demonstrating a streamlined laboratory and bioinformatics workflows with PacBio HiFi long-read whole-genome sequencing that enables the generation of a high-quality reference genome within one week. The genome study being a collaboration between an academic biodiversity institute and a medical diagnostic company. The presented method of working and workflow providing examples that can be used for a wide range of future human and non-human genome projects. The final is 2.47 Gbp assembly being of high quality - with a contig N50 of 55 Mbp and a scaffold N50 of 65.7 Mbp. This reference being scaffolded into 39 chromosome-length scaffolds and the annotation resulting in 28,383 transcripts. The results also looked at the Myostatin gene which can be used for breeding purposes, as these heterozygous animals can have an advantage in dog races. The reviewers making the authors clarify this part a little better with additional results. Overall this study demonstrating how rapidly animal genome research can be carried out through close and streamlined time management and collaboration.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

This new software paper presents RiboSnake, a validated, automated, reproducible analysis pipeline implemented in the popular Snakemake workflow management system for microbiome analysis. Analysing16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data, this uses the widely used oQIIME2 [ tool as the basis of the workflow as it offers a wide range of functionality. Users of QIIME2 can be overwhelmed by the number of options at their disposal, and this workflow provides a fully automated and fully reproducible pipeline that can be easily installed and maintained. Providing an easy-to-navigate output accessible to non bioinformatics experts, alongside sets of already validated parameters for different types of samples. Reviewers requested some clarification for testing, worked examples and documentation, and this was improved to produce a convincingly easy-to-use workflow. Hopefully opening up an already very established technique to a new group of users and assisting them with reproducible science.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

PhysiCell is an open source multicellular systems simulator for studying many interacting cells in dynamic tissue microenvironments. As part of the PhysiCell ecosystem of tools and modules this paper presents a PhysiCell addon, PhysiMeSS (MicroEnvironment Structures Simulation) which allows the user to accurately represent the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a network of fibres. This can specify rod-shaped microenvironment elements such as the matrix fibres (e.g. collagen) of the ECM, allowing the PhysiCell user the ability to investigate physical interactions with cells and other fibres. Reviewers asked for additional clarification on a number of features. And the paper now clear future releases will provide full 3D compatibility and include working on fibrogenesis, i.e. the creation of new ECM fibres by cells.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

RAD-Seq (Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) is a cost-effective method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and genotyping. In this study the authors performed a kinship analysis and pedigree reconstruction for two different cattle breeds (Angus and Xiangxi yellow cattle). A total of 975 cattle, including 923 offspring with 24 known sires and 28 known dams, were sampled and subjected to SNP discovery and genotyping using RAD-Seq. Producing a SNP panel with 7305 SNPs capturing the maximum difference between paternal and maternal genome information, and being able to distinguish between the F1 and F2 generation with 90% accuracy. Peer review helped highlight better the practical applications of this work. The combination of the efficiency of RNA-seq and advances in kinship analysis here can helpfully help improve breed management, local resource utilization, and conservation of livestock.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint