Interrogating COVID-19 vaccine intent in the Philippines with a nationwide open-access online survey
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Abstract
To mitigate the unprecedented health, social, and economic damage of COVID-19, the Philippines is undertaking a nationwide vaccination program to mitigate the effects of the global pandemic. In this study, we interrogated COVID-19 vaccine intent in the country by deploying a nationwide open-access online survey, two months before the rollout of the national vaccination program. The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that people are likely to adopt disease prevention behaviors and to accept medical interventions like vaccines if there is sufficient motivation and cues to action. A majority of our 7,193 respondents (62.5%) indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Moreover, multivariable analysis revealed that HBM constructs were associated with vaccination intention in the Philippines. Perceptions of high susceptibility, high severity, and significant benefits were all good predictors for vaccination intent. We also found that external cues to action were important. Large majorities of our respondents would only receive the COVID-19 vaccines after many others had received it (72.8%) or after politicians had received it (68.2%). Finally, our study revealed that most (21%) were willing to pay an amount of PHP 1,000 (USD20) for the COVID-19 vaccines with an average willing-to-pay amount of PHP1,892 (USD38).
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.09.11.21263428: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Ethics Review and IRB Approval: Our study protocol (Protocol Number 21-026) was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Providence College on January 15, 2021.
Consent: An informed consent statement was included in the survey instrument to welcome respondents who had clicked on the anonymous survey link provided by Qualtrics.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses: All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Statistical Package for the Social Sciencessu…SciScore for 10.1101/2021.09.11.21263428: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Ethics Review and IRB Approval: Our study protocol (Protocol Number 21-026) was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Providence College on January 15, 2021.
Consent: An informed consent statement was included in the survey instrument to welcome respondents who had clicked on the anonymous survey link provided by Qualtrics.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses: All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Statistical Package for the Social Sciencessuggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)SPSSsuggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Our study has several limitations. As we already noted above, the use of an open-access online survey may result in sampling bias so we cannot generalize our findings to the entire Filipino population (Wyatt, 2000; Eysenbach & Wyatt, 2002). It is notable that young people aged 18-30 years, who make up around 28% of the population of the Philippines (https://www.populationpyramid.net/philippines/), constitute 52.4% of our respondents. Unexpectedly, however, senior citizens aged 61-89 years of age, who constitute 8% of the country’s population are also over-represented with 11.8% of the respondents. Furthermore, the responses were based on self-report and may be subject to self-reporting bias and a tendency to report socially desirable responses especially in a strongly collectivist society like the Philippines. One final limitation of our study is the bias associated with the assessment of acceptance and WTP for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine before any concrete vaccines actually exist (Schmidt & Bijmolt, 2019). We therefore intend to undertake a follow-up survey once the vaccine rollout in the country has stabilized. Nonetheless, despite these shortcomings, we believe that our findings will provide insights to support the vaccine rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines by helping public health authorities to understand vaccine demand and vaccine hesitancy in the country. Indeed, based on these findings, we inaugurated the UST-CoVAX public awareness campaign that ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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