Invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are competent vectors for Barmah Forest Virus

Barmah Forest Virus (BFV), an arthropod-born virus transmitted by mosquitoes, is of significant public health concern in Australia and regions in the Pacific. Recent climate change and globalization raise the potential for BFV to extend its geographic distribution. Despite the rising importance of BFV, its vector dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly concerning the vector competence of different mosquito species. This study aims to investigate the vector competence of BFV across various mosquito species, beyond those endemic to the Australasian region, especially focusing on global relevant vector species. No transmission was observed for Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. torrentium as well as Anopheles stephensi . In contrast, both investigated Aedes species, Ae. aegypti as well as Ae. albopictus , exhibited BFV-positive saliva across all four temperature profiles (18°C, 21°C, 24°C or 27°C) examined. These two invasive mosquito species must therefore be classified as potential vectors for BFV, indicating the potential risk of BFV transmission outside of Australia.