Cross-Recording Handwritten Digit Decoding from sEMG Using a Compact CNN–Transformer and Few-Shot Adaptation

Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a silent and wearable input modality, but its practical use is limited by variability across users and recording sessions. This study presents a compact CNN– Transformer model for decoding isolated handwritten digits from eight-channel sEMG signals. The model combines trainable signal preprocessing, convolutional feature extraction, and Transformerbased temporal modeling. It was evaluated on ten recordings from five participants using recordingseen classification, leave-one-recording-out (LORO) generalization, and few-shot adaptation. The model achieved a mean macro F1 score of 0.924 ± 0.059 in the recording-seen setting and 0.619 ± 0.252 under zero-shot LORO evaluation. Adaptation using two labeled trials per digit increased macro F1 to 0.828 ± 0.112, while ten trials per digit achieved 0.925 ± 0.053. The proposed architecture also outperformed classical and neural baselines in the controlled LORO benchmark. These results indicate that compact CNN–Transformer models, combined with lightweight target-recording calibration, provide a promising basis for adaptive sEMG-based input systems.