A wheat immune receptor pair composed of NLR and MLKL confers stable resistance to pathotypes of the blast fungus by recognizing three effectors

Kinase fusion proteins (KFPs) have emerged as an important group of immune receptors encoded by plant resistance genes. Here, we report a new type of gene pair that controls resistance of wheat to the blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae . We cloned a fungal gene involved in avirulence of P. oryzae pathotype Eleusine on wheat and designated it PWT8 . We also identified its corresponding resistance gene in wheat, and tentatively named it Rwt8 . This resistance gene was located at the same locus as previously identified resistance genes Rwt3 and Rwt6 . Molecular cloning revealed that Rwt3 , Rwt6 , and Rwt8 were the same gene consisting of an identical gene pair, one encoding an NLR and the other encoding a mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) protein. These two genes were closely linked in a head-to-head orientation and behaved as a single gene. This gene pair recognized three AVR genes, PWT3 , PWT6 , and PWT8 , and was designated Rwt3.6.8 . The distribution of Rwt3.6.8 in common wheat landraces suggested that the gene pair may have been a factor which the D genome provided to the genus Triticum to broaden its adaptability to various environments in the world, especially in Asia and Africa.